Table 3A.6 Disability Weights for Diseases and Conditions (Except Cancers and Injuries),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Sequela ,Average disability weighta,Rangeb,Source , ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Tuberculosis—cases ,0.271,0.264–0.294 ,"GBD 1990c, varies with age ", ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Syphilis , ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Congenital syphilis ,0.315,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Primary ,0.015,0.014–0.015,"GBD 1990c, varies with age ", ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Secondary ,0.048,0.044–0.048 ,"GBD 1990c, varies with age ", ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Tertiary—neurologic ,0.283,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Chlamydia , ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Cervicitis ,0.049,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Neonatal pneumonia ,0.280,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Ophthalmia neonatorum ,0.180,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Pelvic inflammatory disease ,0.327,0.194–0.382 ,"GBD 1990c: untreated 0.420, treated 0.169 ", ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Ectopic pregnancy ,0.549,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Tubo-ovarian abscess ,0.548,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Chronic pelvic pain ,0.122,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Infertility ,0.180,,GBD 1990 ,,,
Symptomatic urethritis ,0.067,,GBD 1990 ,,,
Epididymitis ,0.167,,GBD 1990 ,,,
Gonorrhea , ,,,,,
Cervicitis ,0.049,,GBD 1990 ,,,
Corneal scar—blindness ,0.600,,GBD 1990 ,,,
Ophthalmia neonatorum ,0.180,,GBD 1990 ,,,
Pelvic inflammatory disease ,0.169,,GBD 1990 ,,,
Ectopic pregnancy ,0.549,,GBD 1990 ,,,
Tubo-ovarian abscess ,0.548,,GBD 1990 ,,,
Chronic pelvic pain ,0.122,,GBD 1990 ,,,
Infertility ,0.180,,GBD 1990 ,,,
Symptomatic urethritis ,0.067,,GBD 1990 ,,,
Epididymitis ,0.167,,GBD 1990 ,,,
Corneal scar—low vision ,0.233,0.233–0.245 ,"GBD 1990c, varies with age ", ,,
Stricture ,0.151,,GBD 1990 ,,,
HIV/AIDS , ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
HIV cases ,0.135,0.123–0.136 ,"GBD 1990c, varies with age ", ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
AIDS cases ,0.505,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Diarrheal diseases—episodes ,0.105,0.086–0.119 ,"GBD 1990c, varies with age ", ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Pertussis , ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Episodes ,0.129,0.016–0.160 ,GBD 1990 , ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Encephalopathy ,0.450,0.402–0.484 ,"GBD 1990c, varies with age and treatment ", ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Poliomyelitis—cases—lameness ,0.369,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Diphtheria , ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Episodes ,0.231,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Neurological complications ,0.078,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Myocarditis ,0.323,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Measles—episodes ,0.152,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Tetanus—episodes ,0.633,0.604–0.640 ,"GBD 1990c, varies with age ", ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Meningitis , ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Streptococcus pneumoniae—episodes ,0.615,0.613–0.616 ,"GBD 1990c, varies with age ", ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Haemophilus influenzae—episodes ,0.616,0.613–0.616 ,"GBD 1990c, varies with age ", ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Neisseria meningitidis—episodes ,0.615,0.613–0.616 ,"GBD 1990c, varies with age ", ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Meningococcaemia without meningitis—episodes ,0.152,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Deafness ,0.229,0.213–0.233 ,"GBD 1990c, varies with age and treatment ", ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Mental retardation ,0.456,0.402–0.484 ,"GBD 1990c, varies with age and treatment ", ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Motor deficit ,0.380,0.339–0.460 ,"GBD 1990c, varies with age and treatment ", ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Seizure disorder ,0.097,0.046–0.142 ,"GBD 1990c, varies with age and treatment ", ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Hepatitis B—episodes ,0.211,0.170–0.212 ,"GBD 1990c, varies with age ", ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Hepatitis C—episodes ,0.211,0.170–0.212 ,"GBD 1990c, varies with age ", ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Malaria , ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Episodes ,0.191,0.172–0.211 ,"GBD 1990c, varies with age and treatment ", ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Neurological sequelae ,0.471,0.443–0.471 ,"GBD 1990c, varies with age and treatment ", ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Anemia ,0.012,0.012–0.013 ,"GBD 1990c, varies with age ", ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Trypanosomiasis—episodes ,0.350,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Chagas’ disease , ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Infection ,0.000,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Cardiomyopathy without congestive heart failure ,0.062,,GBD 1990 ,
Cardiomyopathy with congestive heart failure ,0.270,0.186–0.308 ,"GBD 1990c: untreated 0.323, treated 0.171 ", 
Megaviscera ,0.240,,GBD 1990 ,
Schistosomiasis—infection ,0.006,0.005–0.006 ,"GBD 1990c, varies with age ", 
Leishmaniasis , ,,,
Visceral ,0.243,,GBD 1990 ,
Cutaneous ,0.023,,GBD 1990 ,
Lymphatic filariasis , ,,,
Hydrocele > 15 cm ,0.073,0.066–0.075 ,"GBD 1990c, varies with age ", 
Bancroftian lymphedema ,0.106,0.067–0.128 ,"GBD 1990c, varies with age ", 
Brugian lymphedema ,0.116,0.064–0.128 ,"GBD 1990c, varies with age ", 
Onchocerciasis , ,,,
Blindness ,0.600,,GBD 1990 ,
Itching ,0.068,,GBD 1990 ,
Low vision ,0.260,,GBD 1990d ,
Leprosy , ,,,
Cases ,0.000,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Disabling leprosy ,0.152,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Dengue—dengue hemorrhagic fever ,0.210,0.195–0.211 ,"GBD 1990c, varies with age ", ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Japanese encephalitis , ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Episodes ,0.616,0.613–0.616 ,"GBD 1990c, varies with age ", ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Cognitive impairment ,0.468,0.402–0.484 ,"GBD 1990c, varies with age and treatment ", ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Neurological sequelae ,0.380,0.339–0.460 ,"GBD 1990c, varies with age and treatment ", ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Trachoma , ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Blindness ,0.600,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Low vision ,0.278,0.227–0.282 ,"GBD 1990d: untreated 0.282, treated 0.227 ", ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Ascariasis , ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
High-intensity infection ,0.000,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Contemporaneous cognitive deficit ,0.006,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Cognitive impairment ,0.463,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Intestinal obstruction ,0.024,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Trichuriasis , ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
High-intensity infection ,0.000,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Contemporaneous cognitive deficit ,0.006,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Massive dysentery syndrome ,0.116,0.114–0.138 ,"GBD 1990c, varies with age ", ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Cognitive impairment ,0.024,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Hookworm disease (ancylostomiasis and necatoriasis), ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
High-intensity infection ,0.000,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Anemia ,0.024,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Cognitive impairment ,0.024,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Lower respiratory infections , ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Episodes ,0.279,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Chronic sequelae ,0.099,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Upper respiratory infections , ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Episodes ,0.000,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Pharyngitis ,0.070,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Otitis media , ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Episodes ,0.023,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Deafness ,0.229,0.213–0.233 ,"GBD 1990c, varies with age and treatment ", ,,,,,,
Maternal hemorrhage , ,,,,,,,,,
Episodes ,0.000,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,
Severe anemia ,0.093,0.087–0.093 ,"GBD 1990c, varies with age ", ,,,,,,
Maternal sepsis , ,,,,,,,,,
Episodes ,0.000,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,
Infertility ,0.180,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy—episodes,0.000,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,
Obstructed labor , ,,,,,,,,,
Episodes ,0.000,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,
Cesarean section for obstructed labor ,0.349,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,
Stress incontinence ,0.025,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,
Rectovaginal fistula ,0.430,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,
Abortion , ,,,,,,,,,
Episodes ,0.000,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,
Infertility ,0.180,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,
Reproductive tract infection ,0.067,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Other maternal conditions , ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Stress incontinence ,0.025,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Low birthweight—all sequelae ,0.106,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Birth asphyxia and birth trauma—all sequelae,0.372,0.343–0.379 ,"GBD 1990c: untreated 0.381, treated 0.334 ", ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Protein-energy malnutrition , ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Wasting ,0.053,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Stunting ,0.002,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Developmental disability ,0.024,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Iodine deficiency , ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Goiter grades 1 and 2 ,0.000,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Mild developmental disability ,0.006,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Cretinoidism ,0.255,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Cretinism ,0.804,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Vitamin A deficiency , ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Xerophthalmia ,0.000,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Corneal scar ,0.276,0.274–0.282 ,"GBD 1990c, varies with age ", ,,,,,,,,
Iron-deficiency anemia , ,,,,,,,,,,,
Mild ,0.000,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,,,
Moderate ,0.011,0.011–0.012 ,"GBD 1990c, varies with age ", ,,,,,,,,
Severe ,0.090,0.087–0.093 ,"GBD 1990c, varies with age ", ,,,,,,,,
Cognitive impairment ,0.024,,GBD 1990 ,,,,,,,,,
Diabetes mellitus , ,,,,,,,,,,,
Cases ,0.015,0.012–0.018 ,"GBD 1990c: untreated 0.012, treated 0.033 ", ,,,,,,,,
Diabetic foot ,0.133,0.130–0.136 ,"GBD 1990c: untreated 0.137, treated 0.129 ", ,,,,,,,,
Neuropathy ,0.072,0.066–0.076 ,"GBD 1990c: untreated 0.078, treated 0.064 ", ,,,,,,,,
Retinopathy—blindness ,0.550,0.511–0.595 ,"GBD 1990c: untreated 0.600, treated 0.493 ", ,,,,,,,,
Amputation ,0.102,0.086–0.151 ,"GBD 1990c: untreated 0.155, treated 0.068 ", ,,,,,,,,
Unipolar depressive disorders , ,,,,,,,,,,,
Mild episode ,0.140,,Netherlands studye ,,,,,,,,,
Moderate episode ,0.350,,Netherlands studye ,,,,,,,,, 
Severe episode ,0.760,,Netherlands studye ,,,,,,,,, 
Dysthymia ,0.140,,Netherlands studye ,
Bipolar affective disorder—cases ,0.367,0.309–0.387 ,"Untreated 0.400, treated 0.140 ", 
Schizophrenia—cases ,0.528,0.406–0.572 ,"GBD 1990c, varies with age and treatment ", 
Epilepsy—cases ,0.113,0.052–0.142 ,"GBD 1990c, varies with age and treatment ", 
Alcohol use disorders—cases ,0.155,,d,
Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias—cases,0.666,0.627–0.667 ,"GBD 1990c, varies with age ", 
Parkinson’s disease—cases ,0.351,0.324–0.395 ,"GBD 1990c, varies with age and treatment ", 
Multiple sclerosis—cases ,0.411,0.410–0.437 ,"GBD 1990c, varies with age ", 
Drug use disorders—cases ,0.252,,GBD 1990 ,
Post-traumatic stress disorder—cases ,0.105,,GBD 1990 ,
Obsessive-compulsive disorder—cases ,0.127,0.122–0.129 ,"GBD 1990c: untreated 0.129, treated 0.080 ", 
Panic disorder—cases ,0.165,0.153–0.171 ,"GBD 1990c: untreated 0.173, treated 0.091 ", 
Insomnia (primary)—cases ,0.100,,f ,
Migraine—cases ,0.029,0.025–0.030 ,f , 
"Mild mental retardation, lead-caused—cases ",0.361,,Netherlands studye ,
Glaucoma , ,,,
Low vision ,0.247,0.227–0.282 ,"GBD 1990d: untreated 0.282, treated 0.227 ", 
Blindness ,0.600,,GBD 1990 ,
Cataracts , ,,,
Low vision ,0.271,0.234–0.280 ,"GBD 1990d: untreated 0.282, treated 0.227 ", 
Blindness ,0.568,0.511–0.595 ,"GBD 1990c: untreated 0.600, treated 0.488 ", 
"Vision disorders, age-related and other ", ,,,
Low vision ,0.263,0.227–0.282 ,"GBD 1990d: untreated 0.282, treated 0.227 ", 
Blindness ,0.600,,GBD 1990 ,
"Hearing loss, adult onset ", ,,,
Mild ,0.000,,Assumed to have no disability for GBD ,
"Moderate, treated ",0.040,,Assumed similar to mild hearing lossf ,
"Moderate, untreated ",0.120,,Netherlands studye ,
"Severe or profound, treated ",0.120,,Assumed similar to moderate lossf ,
"Severe or profound, untreated ",0.333,,GBD 1990 deafness weightc ,
Rheumatic heart disease—cases ,0.253,0.186–0.300 ,"GBD 1990c: untreated 0.323, treated 0.171 ", 
Hypertensive heart disease—cases ,0.243,0.201–0.300 ,"f: untreated 0.323, treated 0.171 ", 
Ischemic heart disease , ,,,
Acute myocardial infarction ,0.437,0.405–0.477 ,"GBD 1990c: untreated 0.491, treated 0.395 ", 
Angina pectoris ,0.137,0.108–0.207 ,"GBD 1990c: untreated 0.227, treated 0.095 ", 
Congestive heart failure ,0.234,0.186–0.300 ,"GBD 1990c: untreated 0.323, treated 0.171 ", 
Cerebrovascular disease , ,,,
First-ever stroke cases ,0.920,,f ,
Long-term stroke survivors ,0.270,0.228–0.295 ,"d, varies with age and treatment ", 
Inflammatory heart disease—all sequelae ,0.252,0.201–0.300 ,"GBD 1990c: untreated 0.323, treated 0.171 ", 
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , ,,,
Mild and moderate symptomatic cases ,0.170,,Netherlands studye ,
Severe symptomatic cases ,0.530,,Netherlands studye ,
Asthma—cases ,0.043,0.036–0.050 ,"f: untreated 0.054, treated 0.043 ", 
Peptic ulcer disease ,, ,f ,
Cases with antibiotic treatment ,0.003,,GBD 1990 ,
Cases not treated with antibiotic ,0.115,,GBD 1990 ,
Cirrhosis of the liver—symptomatic cases ,0.330,,GBD 1990 ,
Appendicitis—episodes ,0.463,,GBD 1990 ,
Nephritis and nephrosis , ,,,
Acute glomerulonephritis ,0.091,0.082–0.104 ,"GBD 1990c, varies with age and treatment ", 
End-stage renal disease ,0.098,0.087–0.107 ,"GBD 1990c, varies with age and treatment ", 
Benign prostatic hypertrophy—symptomatic cases,0.038,,GBD 1990 ,
Skin diseases—cases ,0.056,,f ,
Rheumatoid arthritis—cases ,0.199,0.185–0.221 ,"GBD 1990c: untreated 0.233, treated 0.174 ", 
Osteoarthritis , ,,,
Hip ,0.126,0.118–0.147 ,"GBD 1990c: untreated 0.156, treated 0.108 ", 
Knee ,0.129,0.118–0.147 ,"GBD 1990c: untreated 0.156, treated 0.108 ", 
Gout—cases ,0.132,0.061–0.189 ,f , 
Low back pain , ,,,
Episode of limiting low back pain ,0.061,,e ,
Acute intervertebral disc disorder ,0.061,,f ,
Chronic intervertebral disc disorder ,0.121,0.103–0.125 ,f , 
Abdominal wall defect—cases ,0.850,,GBD 1990 ,
Anencephaly—cases ,0.850,,GBD 1990 ,
Anorectal atresia—cases ,0.850,,GBD 1990 ,
Cleft lip—cases ,0.049,0.002–0.082 ,"GBD 1990c: untreated 0.016, treated 0.098 ", 
Cleft palate—cases ,0.101,0.036–0.187 ,"GBD 1990c: untreated 0.015, treated 0.231 ", 
Esophageal atresia—cases ,0.850,,GBD 1990 ,
Renal agenesis—cases ,0.850,,GBD 1990 ,
Down syndrome—cases ,0.593,,GBD 1990 ,
Congenital heart anomalies—cases ,0.323,,GBD 1990 ,
Spina bifida—cases ,0.593,,GBD 1990 ,
Dental caries—episodes ,0.081,,GBD 1990 ,
Periodontal disease—cases ,0.001,,GBD 1990 ,
Edentulism—cases ,0.020,0.007–0.052 ,"GBD 1990c: untreated 0.062, treated 0.001 ", 
Source: Authors’ compilation. ,,,,
a. Global average disability weight. ,,,,
"b. Minimum and maximum disability weights if there is variation across age-sex-region categories. For disability weights based on the GBD 1990 study, further details of age-sex variation, treated and untreated weights, are given in annex tables 3 and 4 of Murray and Lopez 1996a.",,,,
,,,,
,,,
c. Disability weights from GBD 1990 (Murray and Lopez 1996a). ,,,
d. Disability weights based on GBD 1990 (Murray and Lopez 1996a) with some revisions. ,,,
e. Disability weights drawn from Netherlands disability weights study (Stouthard and others 1997). ,,,
f. Provisional disability weights based on GBD 1990 or Netherlands weights for comparable health states. ,,,