"Table 3A.3 Data Sources and Methods for Estimation of Mortality by Cause, Age, and Sex ",,,,,,
Country , Vital registration data, Year used,Other sources of information,Method ,Cause of death distribution pattern used,
Afghanistan ,,,a ,CodMod ,"Arab Rep. of Egypt 2000, Islamic Rep. of Iran 2001 ",
Albania ,"1987–9, 1992–2000 ",2000,a ,CodMod ,2000, 
Algeria,,,a,CodMod ,South Africa 1996 ,
Andorra , ,,b ,"Based on 2000 data from Aragon, Navarra, and Cataluna provinces of Spain",,
Angola ,,,a ,CodMod ,South Africa 1996 ,
Antigua and Barbuda ,"1961–4, 1966, 1969–78, 
1983, 1985–95 ",1993–5 ,c ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Argentina ,"1966–70, 1977–2001 ",2001,b ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Armenia ,"1981–2, 1985–2001 ",2001,a ,CodMod ,2001, 
Australia,1950–2000,2000,b,Vital registration,Vital registration,
 Austria ,1955–2001 ,2001,b ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Azerbaijan ,"1981–2, 1985–2001 ",2001,a ,CodMod ,2001, 
"Bahamas, The ","1969, 1971–2, 1974–7, 
1979–81, 1983–5, 1987, 
1993–8 ",1996–8 ,c ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Bahrain ,"1985, 1987–8, 1997–2001 ",2000–1 ,b ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Bangladesh ,,,a ,CodMod ,"India, Philippines ",
Barbados ,1955–95 ,1993–5 ,Preliminary vital registration data for 2000c ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Belarus ,"1981–2, 1985–2001 ",2001,c ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Belgium ,1954–97 ,1997,b ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Belize ,"1964–84, 1986–7,
1989–91, 1993–8 ",1997–8 ,c ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Benin ,,,a ,CodMod ,South Africa 1996 ,
Bhutan ,,,a ,CodMod ,India ,
Bolivia ,,,a ,CodMod ,Peru 2000 ,
Bosnia and Herzegovina,"1985–91, 1999 ",1999,c ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Botswana ,1995–8 ,,a ,CodMod ,South Africa 1996 ,
Brazil ,1977–2000 ,2000,a ,CodMod ,2000, 
Brunei  Darussalam,1996–2000 ,1998–2000 ,b ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Bulgaria ,1964–2001 ,2001,c ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Burkina Faso ,,,a ,CodMod ,South Africa 1996 ,
Burundi ,,,a ,CodMod ,South Africa 1996 ,
Cambodia ,,,a ,CodMod ,"Philippines, Thailand ",
Cameroon ,,,a ,CodMod ,South Africa 1996 ,
Canada ,1950–2000 ,2000,b ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Cape Verde ,1980,,a ,CodMod ,South Africa 1996 ,
Central African Republic,,,a ,CodMod ,South Africa 1996 ,
Chad , ,,a ,CodMod ,South Africa 1996 ,
Chile ,1954–99 ,1999,Preliminary vital registration data for 2000b ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
China ,1987–2000 ,2000,DSPa ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Colombia ,"1953–70, 1972, 1974–7,
1979, 1981, 1984–99 ",1999,a ,CodMod ,1999, 
Comoros ,,,a ,CodMod ,South Africa 1996 ,
"Congo, Dem. Rep. of ",,,a ,CodMod ,South Africa 1996 ,
"Congo, Rep. of ",,,a ,CodMod ,South Africa 1996 ,
Cook Islands ,1995–2001 ,1999–2001 ,a ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Costa Rica ,1956–2002 ,2002,b ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Cτte d’Ivoire ,,,"Abidjan, 1973–92: deaths assessed by medical personnel in city hospitals. Source: ENSEA, Abidjana ",CodMod ,South Africa 1996 ,
Croatia ,1985–2001 ,2001,b ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Cuba ,"1959, 1964–5, 1968–2001 ",2001,b ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Cyprus ,1996–9 ,1997–9 ,a ,CodMod ,1997–9 , 
Czech Republic ,1985–2001 ,2001,b ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Denmark ,1951–99 ,1999,b ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Djibouti ,,,a ,CodMod ,"Arab Rep. of Egypt 2000,
Islamic Rep. of Iran 2000 ",
Dominica ,"1961–2, 1967–94 ",1992–4 ,c ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Dominican Republic ,"1956–63, 1965–92, 1994–8 ",1998,a ,CodMod ,1998, 
Ecuador ,"1961, 1963–75, 1977–2000 ",2000,a ,CodMod ,2000, 
"Egypt, Arab Rep. of ","1954–67, 1970–80, 1987, 1991–2, 1996–2000 ",2000,a ,CodMod ,2000, 
El Salvador ,"1950–74, 1981–4, 1990–3, 1995–9 ",1999,a ,CodMod ,1999, 
Equatorial Guinea ,,,a ,CodMod ,South Africa 1996 ,
Eritrea ,1998–9 ,,a ,CodMod ,South Africa 1996 ,
Estonia ,"1981–2, 1985–2001 ",2001,b ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Ethiopia ,,,a ,CodMod ,South Africa 1996 ,
Fiji ,"1978, 1992–7, 1999–2000 ",2000,a ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Finland ,1952–2001 ,2001,b ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
France ,1950–99 ,1999,b ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Gabon ,,,a ,CodMod ,South Africa 1996 ,
"Gambia, The ",,,a ,CodMod ,South Africa 1996 ,
Georgia ,"1981–2, 1985–92, 1994–2000 ",2000,a ,CodMod ,2000, 
Germany ,1969–2000 ,2000,b ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Ghana ,,,"Hospital mortality data for Eastern Region, 1990–2000a ",CodMod ,South Africa 1996 ,
Greece ,1956–99 ,1999,b ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Grenada ,"1974–8, 1984, 1988, 1994–6 ",1994–6 ,c ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Guatemala ,"1958–71, 1974–81, 1984 ",1996,Preliminary vital registration data for 1996a ,CodMod ,1996, 
Guinea ,,,a ,CodMod ,South Africa 1996 ,
Guinea-Bissau ,,,a ,CodMod ,South Africa 1996 ,
Guyana ,"1975–7, 1979, 1984, 1988, 1990, 1993–6 ",1994–6 ,c ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Haiti ,"1980–1, 1983, 1997, 1999 ",1999,a ,CodMod ,1999, 
Honduras ,"1966, 1968–83 ",,a ,CodMod ,"Nicaragua, El Salvador, Guatemala ",
Hungary ,1955–2001 ,2001,b ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Iceland ,1951–99 ,1997–9 ,b ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
India ,Survey of Cause of Death (Rural) ,1996–8 ,"Urban Medical Certification of Cause of Death System, 1995a ",Proportionate mortality for urban and rural summed up to national estimate ,Cause of death information from urban and rural data sources , 
Indonesia ,,,a ,CodMod ,"Singapore, India, Thailand, Philippines ",
"Iran, Islamic Rep. of ",1999–2001 ,2001,a ,CodMod ,2001 (18 provinces’ mortality data) , 
Iraq ,,,a ,CodMod ,"Arab Rep. of Egypt 2000, Islamic Rep. of Iran 2001 ",
Ireland ,1950–2000 ,2000,c ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Israel ,1975–98 ,1998,b ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Italy ,1951–99 ,1999,b ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Jamaica ,"1960–1, 1964–5,
1967–71, 1975, 1977,
1980–91 ",1991,a ,CodMod ,1991, 
Japan ,1950–2000 ,2000,b ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Jordan ,"1959–60, 1962–6, 1968, 1970–5, 1978–9 ",,"Mortality and causes of death in Jordan 1995–6: assessment by verbal autopsy. Source: S.A. Khoury, D. Massad, and T. Fardous, Bulletin of the World Health  Organization 77(8)a",Verbal autopsy data ,Verbal autopsy data ,
Kazakhstan ,"1981–2, 1985–2001 ",2001,a ,CodMod ,2001, 
Kenya ,,,"Ministry of Health, hospital data, 1996, 1998–2000a ",CodMod ,South Africa 1996 ,
Kiribati ,1999–2002 ,2000–2 ,"Ministry of Health, Family Planning and Social Welfare, Third National Health, Family Planning and Social Welfare Plan 1992–5a ",Vital registration ,2000–2 , 
"Korea, Democratic  People’s Rep. Of",,,a ,CodMod ,"Philippines, India ",
"Korea, Rep. of ",1985–2001 ,2001,b ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Kuwait ,"1972, 1975–87, 1993–2001 ",1999–2001 ,b ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Kyrgyz Republic ,"1981–2, 1985–2001 ",2001,a ,CodMod ,2001, 
Lao PDR ,,,a ,CodMod ,"Philippines, Thailand ",
Latvia ,1980–2001 ,2001,b ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Lebanon ,1997–9 ,,a ,CodMod ,"Arab Rep. of Egypt 2000,
Islamic Rep. of Iran 2001",
Lesotho ,,,a ,CodMod ,South Africa 1996 ,
Liberia ,,,a ,CodMod ,South Africa 1996 ,
Libya , ,,a ,CodMod ,"Arab Rep. of Egypt 2000,
Islamic Rep. of Iran 2001",
Lithuania ,"1981–2, 1985–2001 ",2001,b ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Luxembourg ,"1955–62, 1965–2001 ",1999–2001 ,b ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
"Macedonia, FYR ",1991–2000 ,2000,c ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Madagascar , ,,"Antananarivo, 1976–95:  deaths certified by medical personnel. Source: CEPED, Parisa",CodMod ,South Africa 1996 ,
Malawi ,,,a ,CodMod ,South Africa 1996 ,
Malaysia ,"1986, 1990–8 ",,a ,CodMod ,"Singapore, China,
Thailand ",
Maldives ,,,a ,CodMod ,"India, Philippines ",
Mali ,,,a ,CodMod ,South Africa 1996 ,
Malta ,1955–2001 ,1999–2001 ,b ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Marshall Islands , ,,a ,,"Cook Islands, Marshall
Islands, Niue, Samoa,
Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu,
Kiribati, Nauru, Fiji ",
Mauritania ,,,a ,CodMod ,South Africa 1996 ,
Mauritius ,1957–2000 ,1998–2000 ,c ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , ,,
Mexico ,1955–2001 ,2001,b ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , ,,
"Micronesia,  Federated  States of",,,1999 Federated States of Micronesia Statistical Yearbook a,,"Cook Islands, Marshall  Islands, Niue, Samoa, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Kiribati, Nauru, Fiji",,,
Moldova ,"1981–2, 1985–2001 ",2001,b ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , ,,
Monaco , ,,b ,,"Based on 1998 data 
from Provence Alpes
Cτte d’Azur, Department 
of France ",,,
Mongolia ,1990–2000 ,2000,a ,CodMod ,2000, ,,
Morocco ,1990–7 ,,a ,CodMod ,"Arab Rep. of Egypt 2000, 
Islamic Rep. of Iran 2001 ",,,
Mozambique , ,,a ,CodMod ,"Zimbabwe 1995, South
Africa 1996 ",,,
Myanmar ,1977–8 ,,a ,CodMod ,"Philippines, India ",,,
Namibia ,,,a ,CodMod ,South Africa 1996 ,,,
Nauru ,1994–6 ,1994–6 ,"Mortality decline in Nauru. Source: R. Taylor and K. Thoma, unpublished 1998a",Vital registration ,1994–6 , ,,
Nepal ,,,a ,CodMod ,"Philippines, India ",,,
Netherlands ,1950–2000 ,2000,b ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , ,,
New Zealand ,1950–99 ,1999,b ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , ,,
Nicaragua ,"1959, 1961–5, 1968–9, 1973–8, 1988–94,
1996–2000 ",2000,a ,CodMod ,2000, ,,
Niger ,,,a ,CodMod ,South Africa 1996 ,,,
Nigeria ,,,a ,CodMod ,South Africa 1996 ,
Niue ,1995–2000 ,1998–2000 ,a ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Norway ,1951–2000 ,2000,b ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Oman ,1997,,a ,CodMod ,"Bahrain, Kuwait, 1997–2001 ",
Pakistan ,,,a ,CodMod ,India ,
Palau ,,,a ,,"Cook Islands, Marshall Islands, Niue, Samoa, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Kiribati, Nauru, Fiji ",
Panama ,"1954–89, 1996–2000 ",2000,a ,CodMod ,2000, 
Papua New Guinea ,"1977, 1980 ",,a ,CodMod ,"Philippines, India ",
Paraguay ,"1961–3, 1965–91, 1994, 1996–2000 ",2000,a ,CodMod ,2000, 
Peru ,"1966–73, 1977–8,
1980–3, 1986–92,
1994–2000 ",2000,a ,CodMod ,2000, 
Philippines,"1963–78, 1981, 1992–8",1998,a,CodMod ,1998,
Poland,1959–2001,2001,b,Vital registration,Vital registration,
Portugal , 1955–2000 ,2000,b,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Qatar ,"1995, 2000–1 ",2001,a ,CodMod ,2001, 
Romania ,1959–2001 ,2001,b ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Russian Federation ,1980–2001 ,2001,c ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Rwanda ,,,a ,CodMod ,South Africa 1996 ,
St. Kitts and Nevis ,"1961–3, 1965–7, 1969–95 ",1993–5 ,c ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
St. Lucia ,"1968–81, 1983, 1986–95 ",1993–5 ,c ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
St. Vincent and the Grenadines ,"1970–2, 1974, 1977, 1979, 1982–7, 1995–9 ",1997–9 ,c ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Samoa ,,,"Department of Health Statistics, Demographic and Health Survey, 1999 and 2000a ",,"Cook Islands, Marshall Islands, Niue, Samoa, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Kiribati, Nauru, Fiji ",
San Marino ,1995–2000 ,1998–2000 ,b ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Sγo Tomι and Principe ,"1984–5, 1987 ",,a ,CodMod ,South Africa 1996 ,
Saudi Arabia ,,,a ,CodMod ,"Bahrain, Kuwait, 1997–2001 ",
Senegal ,,,"Niakhar 1983–90: deaths assessed by verbal autopsy. Source: CEPED, Parisa ",CodMod ,South Africa 1996 ,
Serbia and  Montenegro,2000,2000,b ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Seychelles ,"1981–2, 1985–7, ",1998–2000 ,b ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
,1997–2000 ,,,,,
Sierra Leone ,,,a ,CodMod ,South Africa 1996 ,
Singapore ,1955–2001 ,2001,c ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Slovak Republic ,1992–2001 ,2001,b ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Slovenia ,1985–2001 ,2001,b ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Solomon Islands , ,,a ,,"Cook Islands, Marshall
Islands, Niue, Samoa, 
Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, 
Kiribati, Nauru, Fiji ",
Somalia , ,,a ,CodMod ,"Arab Rep. of Egypt 2000, 
South Africa 1996 ",
South Africa ,1993–6 ,1996,"National Injury Mortality 
Surveillance System: 
Summary Report 2000; 
K. Kahn, S. M. Tollman, 
M. Garenne, and J. S. Gear, 
“Causes of Death in a Rural 
Area of South Africa: An 
International Perspective, 
Journal of Tropical 
Pediatrics, 46 (June)c; and 
Violence and Injury 
Surveillance Consortium, 
Rapid Assessment of 
Trauma Facilities at State 
Hospitals in South Africa, 
2000a ",CodMod ,South Africa 1996 , 
Spain ,1951–2000 ,2000,b ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Sri Lanka ,"1950–68, 1977, 1980–9, ",1996,a ,CodMod ,1996, 
,"1991–2, 1995–6 ",,,,,
Sudan ,,,a ,CodMod ,"Arab Rep. of Egypt 2000,
South Africa 1996",
Suriname ,"1963–6, 1971–3, 1975–82,
1984–92  ",1990–2 ,a ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Swaziland ,,,a ,CodMod ,South Africa 1996 ,
Sweden ,1951–2000 ,2000,b ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Switzerland ,1951–99 ,1999,b ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Syrian Arab Republic ,"1973–8, 1980–1, 1984–5, 
2000–1  ",2001,a ,CodMod ,2001, 
Tajikistan ,"1981–2, 1985–95, 1999 ",1999,a ,CodMod ,1999, 
Tanzania ,,,a ,CodMod ,"Zimbabwe 1995, South  Africa 1996",
Thailand ,"1955–87, 1990–2000 ",2000,"Ministry of Health, verbal  autopsy studya",Vital registration corrected  by verbal autopsy study,,
Timor-Leste ,,,a ,CodMod ,"India, Philippines ",
Togo ,,,a ,CodMod ,South Africa 1996 ,
Tonga ,1998,1998,Report of the Minister of  Health for 1994,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Trinidad and  Tobago,1951–98 ,1996–8 ,b ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Tunisia ,,,a ,CodMod ,"Arab Rep. of Egypt 2000,
Islamic Rep. of Iran 2001 ",
Turkey ,1987–98 ,1998,a ,CodMod ,1998, 
Turkmenistan ,"1981–2, 1985–98 ",1998,a ,CodMod ,1998, 
Tuvalu ,,,a ,,"Cook Islands, Marshall Islands, Niue, Samoa, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Kiribati, Nauru, Fiji ",
Uganda ,,,a ,CodMod ,South Africa 1996 ,
Ukraine ,"1981–2, 1985–2000 ",2000,c ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
United Arab  Emirates,,,a ,CodMod ,"Bahrain and Kuwait,  1997–2001",
United Kingdom ,1950–2000 ,2000,b ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
United States ,1950–2000 ,2000,b ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Uruguay ,"1955–60, 1963–78, 
1980–91, 1993–2000 ",2000,b ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Uzbekistan ,"1981–2, 1985–2000 ",2000,a ,CodMod ,2000, 
Vanuatu ,,,"Ministry of Health, hospital  data, 2001a",,"Cook Islands, Marshall  Islands, Niue, Samoa, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Kiribati, Nauru and Fiji",
Venezuela (R.B. de) ,"1955–83, 1985–90, 
1992–2000 ",2000,b ,Vital registration ,Vital registration , 
Vietnam ,,,a ,CodMod ,"China, India, and Thailand "
"Yemen,  Republic of", , ,a ,CodMod ,"Arab Rep. of Egypt 2000, 
Islamic Rep. of Iran 2001 "
Zambia ,1999–2000 ,,a ,CodMod ,South Africa 1996 
Zimbabwe ,"1990, 1994–5 ",,a ,CodMod ,"Zimbabwe 1995, South Africa 1996 "
"Source: Mathers, Lopez, and others 2004. ",,,,,
Note: CEPED = Centre Population et Dιveloppement; ENSEA = l’Ecole Nationale Supιrieure de Statistiques et d’Economie Appliquιe. ,,,,,
"a. Epidemiological estimates obtained from studies, WHO technical programs, and UNAIDS for the following conditions: HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, measles, pertussis, poliomyelitis, tetanus, lower respiratory infections, Chagas’ disease, maternal conditions, perinatal conditions, cancers, drug use disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, and war.",,,,,
"b. Epidemiological estimates obtained from studies, WHO technical programs, and UNAIDS for the following conditions: drug use disorders and war. ",,,,,
"c. Epidemiological estimates obtained from studies, WHO technical programs, and UNAIDS for the following conditions: HIV/AIDS, drug use disorders, and war. ",,,,,
 ,,,,,