"Table 1.2 Deaths and Burden of Disease Attributable to Risk Factors—Low- and Middle-Income Countries, High-Income Countries, and World, 2001",,,,,,
,Low- and middle-income,,High-income,,World,
,Deaths,"DALYs(3,0)a",Deaths,"DALYs(3,0)a",Deaths,"DALYs(3,0)a"
Total number (thousands),"48,351","1,386 709","7,891","149,161","56,242","1,535 871"
"Rate per 1,000 population",9.3,265.7,8.5,160.6,9.1,249.8
"Age-standardized rate per 1,000b",11.4,281.7,5.0,128.2,10.0,256.5
Risk factor,,,Number in thousands (percent),,,
Childhood and maternal undernutrition,,,,,,
Childhood underweight,"3,630 (7.5)","120,579 (8.7)",0 (0.0),67 (<0.1),"3,630 (6.5)","120,647 (7.9)"
Iron-deficiency anemia,613 (1.3),"23,933 (1.7)",8 (0.1),789 (0.5),621 (1.1),"24,722 (1.6)"
Vitamin A deficiency,800 (1.7),"24,686 (1.8)",0 (0.0),0 (0.0),800(1.4),"24,686 (1.6)"
Zinc deficiency,849 (1.8),"27,631 (2.0)",0 (0.0),5 (<0.1),849(1.5),"27,636 (1.8)"
Other nutrition-related risk factors and physical activity,,,,,,
High blood pressure,"6,223 (12.9)","78,063 (5.6)","1,392 (17.6)","13,887 (9.3)","7,615 (13.5)","91,950 (6.0)"
High cholesterol,"3,038 (6.3)","42,815 (3.1)",842 (10.7),"9,431 (6.3)","3,880 (6.9)","52,246 (3.4)"
Overweight and obesity,"1,747 (3.6)","31,515 (2.3)",614 (7.8),"10,733 (7.2)","2,361 (4.2)","42,248 (2.8)"
Low fruit and vegetable intake,"2,308 (4.8)","32,836 (2.4)",333 (4.2),"3,982 (2.7)","2,641 (4.7)","36,819 (2.4)"
Physical inactivity,"1,559 (3.2)","22,679 (1.6)",376 (4.8),"4,732 (3.2)","1,935 (3.4)","27,411 (1.8)"
Addictive substances,,,,,,
Smoking,"3,340 (6.9)","54,019 (3.9)","1,462 (18.5)","18,900 (12.7)","4,802 (8.5)","72,919 (4.7)"
Alcohol use,"1,869 (3.9)","49,449 (3.6)",24 (0.3),"6,580 (4.4)","1,893(3.4)","56,029 (3.6)"
Illicit drug use,189 (0.4),"7,890 (0.6)",37 (0.5),"2,024 (1.4)",226 (0.4),"9,914 (0.6)"
Sexual and reproductive health,,,,,,
Unsafe sex,"2,819 (5.8)","80,270 (5.8)",32 (0.4),909 (0.6),"2,851 (5.1)","81,179 (5.3)"
Non-use and use of ineffective methods of contraception,162 (0.3),"7,411 (0.5)",0 (0.0),23 (<0.1),162 (0.3),"7,434 (0.5)"
Environmental risks,,,,,,
"Unsafe water, sanitation, and hygiene","1,563 (3.2)","51,622 (3.7)",4 (<.1),289 (0.2),"1,567 (2.8)","51,911 (3.4)"
Urban air pollution,735 (1.5),"8,707 (0.6)",76 (1.0),664 (0.4),811 (1.4),"9,371 (0.6)"
Indoor smoke from household use of solid fuels,"1,791 (3.7)","41,731 (3.0)",0 (0.0),2 (<0.1),"1,791 (3.2)","41,734 (2.7)"
Other selected risks,,,,,,
Contaminated injections in health care setting,407 (0.8),"8,974 (0.6)",4 (<.1),76 (<0.1),412 (0.7),"9,050 (0.6)"
Child sexual abuse,65 (0.1),"5,381 (0.4)",6 (<.1),699 (0.5),71 (0.1),"6,079 (0.4)"
All selected risk factors together,"22,014 (45.6)","500,066 (36.1)","3,473 (44.0)","51,092 (34.3)","25,488 (45.3)","551,158 (35.9)"
Source: Chapter 4. Note that mortality and disease burden attributable to individual risk factors cannot be added due to multi-causality. See Chapter 4 for details.,,,,,,
a.  (some footnote as Table 1.1),,,,,,
b.  Age-standardized using the WHO World Standard Population,,,,,,